A View of the Political Power of the Weimar Republic during the Golden Age

A View of the Political Power of the Weimar Republic during the Golden Age â€Å"The Weimar Republic appreciated a brilliant time of political strength in the years 1924-28† At the point when the peace negotiation was marked by Germany in 1918, Germany was in a total mess. A maritime insurrection broke out in Kiel, and Germany was dove into a transformation. A few gatherings mixed for control of Germany. In the end, the Weimar Republic was shaped, it guaranteed a popularity based republic with equivalent rights to every one of its residents. Nonetheless, to state the republic quieted strains and gave political dependability post-1918 would be a long way from exact. Hyper-swelling and the unforgiving terms of the bargain of Versailles prompted expanding hatred towards the recently discovered republic from the German open up to the emergency year of 1923. In any case, students of history have contended that somewhere in the range of 1924 and 1928, Germany encountered a time of political security, this is for the most part ascribed to Stresemann’s tending to of the hyper-swelling emergency by presenting the Rentenmark, just as American advances and v enture from the Dawes plan helping the German economy in recouping. Anyway pundits have contended that there is nothing of the sort as the â€Å"golden age† and that the Weimar Republic was still in a condition of emergency. A few history specialists contend that it is difficult to portray the period in Germany from 1924-1928 as a â€Å"golden time of political dependability â€Å"because there was no steady Government during this period. Over this period there were 9 progressive governments over the course of about 4 years, every one of them being alliance governments. The incessant change in initiative implied there was no an ideal opportunity for any important effect on occur as the following Government would scrap what the past Government had been arranging. Moreover, a portion of the Governments during the period were minority Governments, prompting cases were Governments couldn't pass enactment because of different gatherings gathering to keep it from passing. The absence of solid government during the period featured the shortcoming of German majority rule government and prompted the German open getting disappointed with the foundation. Notwithstanding, taking a gander at the period pre-1924, and contrast it with the years 1924-28, unmistakably following 1924, there was a time of developing dependability. Up to 1923, swelling was expanding at an exponential rate with the Government printing increasingly more cash so as to pay of the mind-boggling obligations they held after the bargain of Versailles. The consistent printing of cash prompted the Deutschmark turning out to be so useless numerous German’s decided on a crude trade economy. Hyper-expansion was just aggravated by the French-Belgium intrusion of the Ruhr. German specialists in the Ruhr protested meaning reparations weren’t being paid; this prompted a joint power of France and Belgium involving the Ruhr. The German government at the time settled on an approach of inactive opposition; they paid the German specialists to remain protesting, however didn't effectively go up against the involving powers. The impact of uninvolved opposition was that it prompted considerably more cash being paid out then the yearly reparation installments cost them, which thusly exacerbated the hyper-swelling emergencies When Stresemann became chancellor in 1923 he set up another money, the Rentenmark which balanced out the economy and successfully finished the hyper-expansion emergency. Thusly, the emergency time frame up to 1923 is in extraordinary period with the moderately more settled progressively prosperous years from 1924-28. During this â€Å"golden age† genuine wages for Industrial laborers expanded and there was a feeling of freshly discovered flourishing, an incredible inverse of the years paving the way to the brilliant age. Then again, a few antiquarians would contend that the purported financial flourishing of the â€Å"Golden age† wasn’t as prosperous as it is portrayed. Stresemann says in a discourse in the blink of an eye before his passing â€Å"the monetary position is just thriving on the surface,† while the economy developed from 1924-1927 it contracted in 1928; joblessness was a consistent issue, by March 1926 joblessness was at 3 million, this and the divider road crash which happened soon after the brilliant age show that while the economy appeared to have recuperated, in all actuality the establishments it was based on were perilous in the first place. All in all, I would contend that while the Weimar Republic had all the earmarks of being all the more politically steady, the truth was that the brief flourishing was uniquely because of American speculation, and when the divider road crash happened, Germany couldn't depend on the USA, prompting a financial calamity. Consequently the Weimar Republic delighted in a misguided feeling of political strength, however no genuine steadiness was available.

The American Civil War Essay Example Essay Example

The American Civil War Essay Example Paper The American Civil War Essay Introduction The American Civil War is a subject which numerous artists have tended to in refrain. What isolates Lowell’s ‘For The Union Dead’ from the scores of other Civil War sonnets isn't just the complex interlacing of period and contemporary occasions so as to make a social discourse on change, which give the sonnet a solid advanced reverberation, yet in addition the exact and polysemic lexis Lowell utilizes so as to connect distinctive timeframes.In 1964, four years after he initially read ‘For The Union Dead’ openly, Lowell expressed in a letter: â€Å"In my sonnet For The Union Dead, I regret the loss of the old Abolitionist soul; the horrible foul play, in the over a wide span of time, of the American treatment of the Negro is the best direness to me as a man and a writer.†. By depicting the â€Å"loss† of such a soul, Lowell likewise uncovers what has supplanted it in current Boston; an indecent obsession with commercialization. His juxtap osition of the unselfish and gallant penance of Colonel Shaw and his all-dark 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry against the ethical decay of current Boston, of a rose-colored past against a tragic present, is a persistent subject in the sonnet. He depicts the bronze landmark commending their valor as â€Å"(sticking) like a fishbone in the city’s throat†, proceeding to express that the Colonel â€Å"is outside the field of play now†; in the two examples, Lowell implies the way that the praiseworthy qualities which the Colonel and his men represented are overlooked by present day society, that human instinct has deteriorated into rough materialism.This degeneration is demonstrated further by Lowell’s scornful portrayal of the structure of a carport underneath the Boston Common, which is possessed by the individuals of Boston as opposed to the city itself. The development of the carport during the 60s was dependent upon energetic and at last fruitless d issent, as it was viewed as an encroachment of the people’s rights. The topic of improper industrialism repeats in this contemptuous portrayal: â€Å"Parking spaces thrive like urban sandpiles in the core of Boston.† Lowell sees his city decreased to a toy for uncorrupt designers who have no idea for culture or legacy. One more case of this bold industrialism is the reference to the Mosler Safe, which is promoted and celebrated because of WWII. This is compared against the commemoration, recklessly â€Å"propped by a board splint†. This subject isn't just appropriate to Boston, however all around pertinent; without a doubt, with the regularly expanding accentuation on material riches in present day life, the sonnet may have much more noteworthy pertinence today. Through the general appropriateness of its subjects, at that point, Lowell’s sonnet exhibits the â€Å"qualities of durability† which permits scholarly attempts to be broadly esteemed as â €Å"valuable†.In option to this huge scope chronicled juxtaposition, there is an individual juxtaposition between the kid Lowell and the grown-up Lowell, adding another layer of intricacy to the sonnet as the genuine and passionate cooperate with one another. The Aquarium is imperative here, not just displaying the fleetingness of the world we live in as modernisation impels human ‘advancement’, however indicating how even inside Lowell’s lifetime, the world has changed to the point of being indistinguishable; the fish of his adolescence are gone, and all that is left is the â€Å"bronze weathervane cod† which has â€Å"lost a large portion of its scales†; they have been supplanted by â€Å"yellow dinosaur steamshovels. snorting. behind their cage† and â€Å"giant finned cars†. The substitution of the conscious fish from the Aquarium with these mechanical brutes of the cutting edge period runs corresponding to the previously men tioned degeneration of human instinct, and together they diagram the vanishing of the universe of Lowell’s youth, just as and Colonel Shaw’s lifetime. On an individual level also, at that point, Lowell depicts the change which has come to fruition in the course of his life with incredible negativity. At this individual level, however, there are likewise components of progression inside the diverse time spans which Lowell portrays melancholically. As a youngster he watches the fish behind the glass, as a grown-up he sees the â€Å"drained countenances of younger students rise like balloons† through a TV screen; in the two circumstances he is disappointed by his own helplessness.Lowell additionally presents progression with respect to the way that in spite of the American Civil War was won by the Abolitionists, isolation was as yet existent at the hour of composing; he passes on sicken at the way that while America’s delicate feeling of legacy and culture i s destroyed for the sake of mechanical ‘advancement’ (the steamshovels and vehicles), bigotry remains. The way that the Boston Common carport is geologically near the bronze remembrance for the 54th Massachusetts Volunteers Infantry implies that the connection between the two is defended and established as a general rule, the connection being that in spite of the fact that the carport would recommends progression, it really speaks to a regressive advance for Boston, and the memorial’s place in an America which despite everything incites isolation shows that America is as yet stuck in its biased past. Lowell’s layering of pictures, juxtapositions and equals across different time periods, and the split among authentic and individual, permits the sonnet to be an unpredictable assortment of thoughts adding to a similar focal twin goals concerning imbalance and short life. A â€Å"complex intertwining. of ideas† which signifies esteem, at that point, can be unmistakably recognized in Lowell’s poem.Another highlight of ‘valued’ writing, nearby complex thoughts, is unpredictability in language and word decision. There can be little uncertainty that Lowell has decided to put certain words in specific places in the sonnet, that he is a â€Å"craftsperson. in order of (his) writing†. Indeed, even the initial line, the epigraph â€Å"Relinquunt Omnia Servare Rem Publicam† is an altered variant of the epigraph on the genuine dedication â€Å"Reinquit Omnia Servare Rem Publicam†. Lowell’s alteration turns â€Å"He surrendered all to serve the Republic†, alluding to Colonel Shaw into â€Å"They surrendered all to serve the Republic†, alluding to the whole 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. Indeed, even in this minor change, at that point, the focal subjects of racial equity is tended to, just as the valiance of the fighters which is so regularly recognized in Civil War sonnet s. Proof of Lowell’s cognizant choice to choose precise words can likewise be seen by the reiteration of words inside the sonnet, to either strengthen or negate a point recently made. While portraying his experience of the fish at the Aquarium, Lowell composes that his hand â€Å"tingled†, and while depicting the Statehouse when the development works for the carport are happening, Lowell additionally says it is â€Å"tingling†. The previous utilization of the word proposes essentialness and energy, though the last use recommends both the strict and emblematic subverting of law based qualities, of equality.The first line and the second to last line additionally use this redundancy, this time â€Å"Servare† and â€Å"servility†. Here, Shaw’s metro mental fortitude, his honorable barrier of his convictions and his nation, is differentiated against the â€Å"savage servility† of the vehicles. â€Å"Savage servility† is a confusing depiction which features both the distressing, pitiless, asocial nature of current life and the inclination of hazard which Lowell feels goes with this modernisation. The arrangement of these comparing words toward the start and end of the sonnet serve to delineate the change which Lowell endeavors to show the peruser all through the sonnet. A last and more subtle occasion of such redundancy comes, as opposed to toward the start and end of the sonnet, in a solitary sentence: â€Å"on Boylston Street, a business photo/Shows Hiroshima bubbling/over a Mosler Safe†. â€Å"Boylston† and â€Å"boiling† isn't reiteration from an exacting perspective; it is a case of sound similarity. Boylston Street is a significant business community in Boston, thus the greed depicted by the Mosler â€Å"Hiroshima boiling† promotion is plainly reflected by this center point of free enterprise. It is obvious, at that point, that Lowell has shaped the sonnet with a fastidiousness of the most elevated request, giving the sonnet a lot of ‘value’.There is, in any case, an issue with the sonnet regarding esteem. Lowell’s sonnet incorporates cozy insights concerning Boston and the Civil War at the danger of estranging perusers who are curious about either, for example an English peruser with no information on the Civil War or Boston. The English peruser would then need to examination into the Civil War and Boston so as to comprehend the sonnet even at its most essential level. This could imply that the apparent estimation of the sonnet is decreased for this peruser. Michael Foucault surely holds this view, placing that every single scholarly content presentation â€Å"enunciative poverty†, in that they definitely can't pass on full importance or portrayal, and that â€Å"it is pundits themselves. who rehash again and again the message which the content itself neglected to tell†, that these pundits compensate for a poet’s absence of exactness in craft.However, the numbness of the peruser can't reduce the estimation of a sonnet; it is the reader’s obligation to fill in holes in their insight and in this way completely grasp the worth and unpredictability of the sonnet. Foucault likewise questions that the author is in finished control of the composition, contending rather that certain â€Å"literary customs. monetary and scholarly pressures† impact the content. Once more, if Foucault’s set

New Industries in the Caribbean Essay

Caribbean economies from their most punctual times of colonization were basically agrarian based (during bondage). Affordable exercises included animals cultivating and little cultivating done by the laborers. There were additionally exchanging and business which incorporated the foundation of shops, hotels and bars. Enormous manors were worked by a mass of slaves with the chief yield being Sugar Cane. At the point when the colonizers previously went toward the West Indies they fundamentally developed harvests, for example, espresso, cotton, ginger, banana and cocoa predominantly for trade. Anyway during the second 50% of the eighteenth century, these yields lost their similar preferred position to sugar. At the point when sugar encountered its downturn the grower loosened up their fortification over control of the land and some home specialists directed their concentration toward the laborer segment and different enterprises. NEW INDUSTRIES By the start of the twentieth century, the lower class had started to assume a significant job in the broadening of the West Indian economies. The Royal Commissions before the Norman Commission, and the Norman Commissions had made proposals for the advancement of the working class (Curtis: p 32). A significant number of the fare crops suggested by the Norman Commission were at that point being developed by the working class. For these harvests to have more prominent achievement, the working class would require capital for more noteworthy speculation. However, this capital was not approaching. This was because of the way that they had restricted capital, involved little plots of land since they were charged a great deal for these terrains. Also the workers can't deliver at resource level. The dark working class in especially confronted various impediments which remembered the expansion for land costs, ousting from lands, refusal to partition and sell lands and furthermore overwhelming tariffs. The grower the greater part of the occasions sold enormous bits of grounds for lower cost to the whites in contrast with the ex-slaves. Rice, which had been developed before as a means crop in Guyana started to accept significance as a money crop in the late nineteenth century. The relinquishment of sugar development on certain domains made more land accessible, as did the opening up of riverain crown arrives in 1898 on what for some were sensible terms of procurement. By 1900 government intrigue was being directed through the leading group of horticulture ith led analyzes in various rice assortments and provided seed to the cultivators. A progressively objective was to build up a uniform grain size to diminish wastage in the processing procedure and by 1908 this had been considerably accomplished. The entirety of this animated further development so that, though in 1891 the land under rice added up to just 4000 sections of land, there was a ten times increment in the accompanying tw o decades, and by 1917 for each ten sections of land planted in sugar, Guyana, eight sections of land were planted in rice. Extending rice real esatate was joined by the mushrooming of little mils. In 1914 there were 86 of them in presence. They were not really expound structures however they were connected to the huge trade firms in the capital and they controlled producers in the towns through an arrangement of advances. A significant number of the mill operators, in the same way as other huge rice producers were Indians who utilized Indian work, and the proof recommends that ethnicity barely ensured favourble treatment. In 1905 it was sending out to the Caribbean. Rice delighted in impressive success during the main war. In the between war period elective wellsprings of flexibly to the Caribbean showcase evaporated and this gave the principle premise to the consistent development of the business in Guyana. Guyana is by a wide margin the most significant maker of rice in the Commonwealth Caribbean. There were around 20 thousand laborer ranchers in 1952; by 1965 their numbers were accepted to have dramatically increased, arriving at 45 thousand. There were 222 rice processes in 1960 and 199 out of 1970. All were exclusive, aside from two which were possessed and worked by the Rice Development Company. Bananas were first brought into Jamaica in 1516. Anyway the primary fares occurred in 1869 after the downturn of sugar. As the business thrived American organizations came in to deal with the exchange as the workers provided bananas to a US [Boston] banana dealer Lorenzo Dow Baker. Boston Fruit Company later framed to exchange Bananas with Caribbean and Central America which later turned into the United Fruit Company [UFCo]. By 1890 the estimation of Banana sends out surpassed that of sugar and rum, and it held this situation with the exception of a couple of years until the Second World War. By 1937 Jamaica gave twice the same number of stems as some other nation on the planet. It consequently turned into a ranch crop-partnerships and huge business people. Banana before long turned into the chief fares from Jamaica, and Windward Island. Exchanging accomplices additionally changed-Destination was currently USA. During the war the business declined in light of the fact that the boats couldn't be saved to move the item. By the start of the nineteenth century espresso was likewise a significant yield in Jamaica (The Banana creation was done predominantly by the Middle class mulattoes). During the downturn sugar ranchers in Trinidad directed their concentration toward cocoa which was the primary significant fare of the island, and by 1900 it had become the significant fare by and by. It held this situation until 1921 when Ghanaian cocoa started to overwhelm the world market. During that time too cocoa was likewise a significant yield in St. Lucia, St. Kitts and St. Vincent. In the 1930’s citrus, which had been developed in the blasted cocoa territories got significant. So too did Pineapples in the nineteenth century. Moderately little scope ranchers earned money for creation of bananas, espresso, cocoa and pimento for sends out. They likewise delivered tubers, products of the soil for local markets. A generous piece of little cultivating was for resource with generally little surpluses available to be purchased. Bauxite, the travel industry and urban-based assembling and administrations supplanted trade agribusiness as the prevailing divisions of the economy in the post-war time, as the British West Indies sought after a program of â€Å"industrialization-by-invitation† The mineral assets which incorporate bauxite, aluminum, gold and so forth have been created by remote capital and for the fare advertise, to an a lot more noteworthy degree than the fundamental rural items. In Guyana the American-possessed Bauxite industry transported its first heap of metal in 1922. Development was consistent all through the between war period yet it was not until the second war that bauxite turned into a significant power in the economy. The Jamaican bauxite industry was created by American organizations after the subsequent war. Interest for aluminum by the United States military and space programs and by the car and other shopper merchandise businesses made a worthwhile market for bauxite and aluminum. Starting at such in 1957 Jamaica turned into the world’s driving bauxite maker and the primary U. S. provider. The U. S. dollar profit from this new fare financed the import of capital products fabricating enterprises that were set up to deliver for the developing household and local markets. The speculation pattern of the worldwide bauxite mining organizations started beating offs as the time of the 1960s attracted to a nearby. Bauxite and aluminum subsequently supplanted sugar and bananas as the main fare item after the Second World War. In 1964 Jamaican bauxite industry had more than 800 enrolled fabricating foundations including a concrete industrial facility, cigarette production lines, distilleries and packaging plants, extiles, apparel processing plants and plant delivering cleanser, margarine and eatable oil. In February 1967 an understanding was reported between the Jamaican government and an American metal-creation organization to raise an aluminum plant in Jamaica. The oil business in Trinidad and Tobago is the most seasoned mineral industry in the region Caribbean. The principal e ffective well goes back to 1857 however it was not until the main decade of this century that the business was built up. By 1909 the nation was sending out oil and by 1919 five processing plants were in activity. The business is to a great extent claimed and constrained by outsiders. The creation of raw petroleum is for the most part in the hands of four organizations Texaco, Shell, Trinidad Northern Area possessed by Trinidad Tesoro, Shell and Texaco as equivalent accomplices. Anyway by 1980 the legislature had bought every outside activity aside from Amoco. The traveler business was created after the Second World War, and this two is outside claimed and controlled. This industry is a branch of the banana and bauxite industry particularly in Jamaica. The foundation and improvement of the vacationer business were encouraged by motivating force enactment and uncommon organizations. Jamaica passed the Hotels Aid Law, 1944, conceding quickened devaluation recompenses and obligation free importation of materials for the development and outfitting of inns, and the Hotel Incentives Law, 1968, giving expense occasions and different concessions. The Hotel Aids Act went in Barbados in 1967 permits obligation free importation of building materials and gear and awards an expense occasion of ten years. And every one of the three regions set up Tourists Boards to advance and administration the business. As in the other creating parts of the economies, there is a huge extent of remote proprietorship in the traveler business. In 1971 thirty-five percent of the inns in Jamaica were completely outside possessed, 56 percent entirely privately claimed and 9 percent joint endeavors. Remote possession was increasingly articulated in Barbados. Outsiders claimed 61 percent of the limit there: 33 percent was possessed by nationals of the United Kingdom. 16 percent by Canadians and 12 percent by Americans. Barbadians claimed 34 percent, and 5 percent was mutually possessed. Nearby proprietorship was prevailing (80 percent) among the littler foundations which gave 25 percent of the complete limit. Exchange and trade was likewise occurring in numerous spots in the British West Indies too. As indicated by Beckles and Shepherd (1993) â€Å"exp

Battle of Monmouth

June of 1778, General Washington is intending to assault General Sir Henry Clinton and his soldiers as they walk from Philadelphia to New York. Washington sent 5,000 men with Major General Charles Lee to assault the British back watchman. Lee is compelled to withdraw, however Washington is prepared for the British with the principle armed force. At long last the two sides had guaranteed triumph. Close Monmouth County Courthouse, the fight was battled on June 28, 1778. The climate was so hot upon the arrival of the fight that numerous troopers experienced warmth stroke.Many of Washington’s officials supported his arrangements to assault General Clinton, yet Major General Lee was against it. Lee felt that after their union with the French, that they shouldn’t assault the British except if they have overpowering prevalence. Washington chose to send 4,000 men to assault Clintons back gatekeeper, Lee turned down order of the power. After Washington raised the measure of men to 5,000, Lee requested to be provided order. Lee was provided severe requests to hold a gathering to decide the arrangement of assault with his officers.During the gathering, Lee advised the officials to be alert for orders during the fight as opposed to arranging it out. At the point when they experienced the British, Lee immediately lost control. After this the British moved to flank Lee’s men, when Lee saw this he requested a retreat. Washington had been bringing the primary armed force up when he saw Lee’s powers withdrawing. Washington found Lee and excused him after not getting a good answer concerning what had occurred. Washington revitalized Lee’s men and held off the British sufficiently long to set situations in the west. Subsequent to battling till at some point in the late evening, the British retreated.Washington would have liked to seek after however his men were depleted from battling the entire day in the warmth. The Battle of Monmouth was the l ast significant fight battled in the north during the war. After the fight the British had held up in New York and concentrated on the southern states. Lee mentioned a court military to refute his guiltlessness from any doings after the fight. Washington at that point recorded conventional charges against Lee, where he was seen as liable and suspended. During the Battle a lady who was carrying water to American mounted guns men is said to of assumed control over shooting for her better half when he had fallen.

Business-Finance Paper -Read FULL directions Essay

Business-Finance Paper - Read FULL headings - Essay Example As of now the country’s cash, the ruble, had been the most noticeably awful among monetary standards around the globe as far as in general execution for 2014, losing 48 percent of its incentive over the previous year. As of January 20, 2015, the estimation of the ruble was pegged at around $65.2765 in the exchanging markets. Dropping oil incomes and the falling estimation of the ruble is aggravated by dangers from the appraisals offices to lessen Russia’s FICO assessment to garbage, which would additionally build the expenses and dangers of getting for Russia comparative with global money related markets. This would additionally disable the country’s odds of having the option to obtain cash to fund its spending shortfalls. As of now, the nation had been utilizing its dollar stores to prop up the ruble’s esteem, spending around 20 percent of its complete dollar crowd for the reason, with the goal that what had been an imposing store had been decreased to $3 86 billion. The destiny of the stores level of dollars for Russia is attached to the cost of oil, and at $45 a barrel, the nation is required to have the option to back in any event three years of spending shortfalls and eat through about portion of its present dollar saves. With the economy expected to contract in 2015, the test for Russia is to have the option to judiciously utilize its dollar stores to keep the economy above water and the ruble from tumbling off a bluff as far as buying power. The normal spending shortage for 2015 is around two percent of GDP, and the assents on Russia by the west due to the former’s intruding in Ukraine, in addition to the danger of a FICO assessment minimize, all scheme to make it hard for Russia to keep the economy on a level pushing ahead (Andrianova). The circumstance adds up to an approaching monetary emergency for the Russian government, at the end of the day. The shortfall is developing in light of the fact that the oil value drop is by all accounts something that won't right soon. In the mean time, the credit downsize and the authorizations from the Ukraine circumstance implies that

Just To Be Clear We Dont Do Legacy

Just To Be Clear We Don’t Do Legacy A few students pointed me towards this piece in the Wall Street Journal  about whether or not colleges should consider legacy in the admissions process. For those of you not familiar with the practice, legacy admissions means preferring the children of alumni in the admissions process. Why would schools do this? For the money, mostly, because if you make your alumni happy by admitting their kids, they might be more likely to give you money. Advocates of legacy admission, like advocates of development cases, will argue that this makes the school a better place for the rest of the students by allowing them to build great labs and dorms and offer fantastic financial aid and everything else.  Stephen Joel Trachtenberg, former President of GWU, made this case in support of legacy admissions, along with citing certain fringe benefits like bridging the generations by forming a sort of intergenerational club. Meanwhile, Rick  Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation characterized legacy admission as a special privilege for the advantaged. For you to receive legacy preference, it means your parents, and perhaps grandparents, went to a particular college. This means you come from a long line of educated people, who had the advantages of learning, who had the means to go to college in an era before broadly accessible student loans and financial aid. It means you are benefitting from work others have done. Kahlenberg argues that this is fundamentally unfair. Selective college admissions is a zero sum game: every applicant admitted takes a space which could have gone to another student. Preferring a student whose parents attended a college not only takes away a spot from an equal or better student, it specifically takes away a spot from an equal or better student who overcame more by not having the advantages accrued by prior generations. Kahlenberg is exactly right, except for one thing: he mentions MIT as one of the schools that practices legacy admissions, and we do not do anything of the kind. This is something I thought wed been pretty clear about. Mollie blogged about it back in 2006. Our institutional research website says, quite specifically, that alumni relations are not considered. And I can tell you, from having sat on countless committees, that we simply dont care if your parents (or aunt, or grandfather, or third cousin) went to MIT. In fact, one of the things most likely to elicit a gigantic facepalm is when a student namedrops some incredibly attenuated connection because they think it is going to help them get into MIT. So where did this idea come from? After a little academic archaelogy I think Ive figured it out. In an  issue brief written by Kahlenberg, the claim that MIT preferred legacies was cited (at 39) to  An Analytic Survey of Legacy Preference, which appears to be a chapter (written by Bloomberg editor Dan Golden) from Century Foundations  book on legacy admissions. That chapter doesnt actually contain any data, but instead itself cites (at 84) No Distinctions except Those Which Merit Originates: The Unlawfulness of Legacy Preferences in Public and Private Universities, by Shadowen and Tulante, 49 Santa Clara L. Rev. 51 (2009). Here, finally, we hit the bottom of the citation hole, as Shadowen and Tulante, using almost exactly the same language later appropriated by Golden and Kahlenberg, write that We also found data showing that alumni of CalTech, which grants no preferences, donated $71 million in 2007, versus $77 million donated in 2006 by alumni of legacy- granting MIT. (emphasis mine) Here they cite (at 371) the MIT Reports to the President (2005-2006).  But alas: while this report does indeed demonstrate MITs alumni donated $77 million in 2006, it says nothing about legacy admissions. It appears, as best I can tell, that Shadowen and Tulante were misinformed as to whether MIT granted legacy and included the claim in the sentence. When they cited this sentence to the Presidents Report, Golden and Kahlenberg (or their research assistants) must have thought the citation authoritatively described not only the donation numbers but also legacy practices. The idea that MIT granted legacy, in other words, appeared entirely out of thin air during the research and writing process. Its legacy admissions all the way down. As a former law school research assistant (if you couldnt tell) I know these things sometimes happen accidentally. While it is disappointing, I dont have any hard feelings to any of the folks involved. It is, indeed, unusual for a school like MIT to have no preference for legacies.  But one of the things that makes MIT special is the fact that it is meritocratic to its cultural core. In fact, I think if we tried to move towards legacy admissions we might face an alumni revolt. There is only one way into (and out of) MIT, and thats the hard way. The people here value that. I want to reiterate that I agree wholeheartedly with everything Mr. Kahlenberg said about why legacy admissions are bad. I personally would not work for a college which had legacy admission because I am not interested in simply reproducing a multigenerational lineage of educated elite. And if anyone in our office ever advocated for a mediocre applicant on the basis of their excellent pedigree they would be kicked out of the committee room. So to be clear: if you got into MIT, its because you got into MIT. Simple as that.

Weighted Average Number Of Common Shares Outstanding Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

To begin with, earnings figure is revenues  minus  cost of sales,  operating expenses, and  taxes, over a given  period  of time.  Earnings  are the reason  corporations  exist, and are often the  single  most important determinant of a  stocks  price. Earnings are important to  investors  because they give an indication of the  companys past and  expected  future  dividends  and its potential  for  growth  and  capital appreciation.  However, depending only on the earnings figure to estimate and predict the companys future is problematic. Because, it only shows the exact and real earnings figure in the past, but it is not a 100% accurate guarantee for well-being of the company in the future. There is no guarantee that if this year the company made 10 million profit, in the next year it will make the same or higher profit. Earnings per share and Price-Earnings ratio are two important types of earnings figure that investors will pay much attention when making the investment decision. Earnings per share (EPS) of a business is a portion its profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. It tells us the net profitability of a business, and shows the portion of a businesss profit that is allocated to each share of the business. For instance, if you have 1000 shares, the EPS number can show you, what your amount of share of the profit from the business is. In calculating EPS we have to subtract any dividends paid to investors, because that amount of money is distributed among shareholders and investors. We use the formula below to calculate Earnings per Share. Earnings per Share (EPS) = Net Income ? Dividends on Preferred Shares Weighted Average Numb er of Common Shares Outstanding Next, Price-Earnings ratio (P/E) is the most popular method to measure of the cost of a stock and investors use this method widely. Basically, Price-Earnings of a stock shows us how much investors are ready to pay per dollar of earnings. In another words, a P/E ratio of 40 this means that investors in the stock are ready to pay $40 for each $1 of earning that the business generates. We use the formula bellow to calculate P/E ratio: C:UsersHoangAnhDesktopprice-to-earnings-formula.gif Source: https://www.theoptionsguide.com/price-to-earnings-ratio.aspx Generally, a low P/E is defined a sign that a stock may be undervalued or it is expected by investors to have a poor future earnings. On the contrary, a P/E with a high ratio indicates an over-valued stock, or investors expect a significant increase in earnings. The interest fact is that usually investors tend to buy a stock with a low P/E ratio rather buying the one with a high ration, because t hey will get more earning for their money. Earning only tells the story what the company did so far, but not what the company is going to do in the future. Definitely, the past earnings are important; however the potential future earnings figure is also important. This is important as if investors want to invest effectively and profitably, they would like to be sure that the companys earnings will increase in the future or at least wont drop. For example, we need to know if any new product is coming out or not. Like, Apple, it produces new iPhone every 6 months, so it can meet consumers changing demands, therefore the earnings potential will be growing. Another example proving that earnings are the past information of the company and mostly helps to estimate only the company in the past is Nokia Company. In 2009 they were the biggest phone company and had 49% of the market share which is huge; they almost dominated the market and had the huge earning statistics. Who could have t hought that such a successful company with a gigantic earnings figure, in 2012 will have only 8% of market share and the earnings figure has dropped and keeps dropping significantly. This happened because they do not produce many new and innovative products. They kept and keep producing old-fashioned phones with old technologies and do not change the product line to meet the fast changing demand of consumers and trends of the market. Their past earnings figures are still high, however the present earnings figures are very low, and the future figures, apparently will be dropping. That is why the investors do not always estimate the companys future based only on earning figures; they take other factors into consideration. That is why the financial reporting is changing to meet the investors requirements. Changing Financial Reporting Firstly, financial reporting is written records of a businesss financial situation. They include standard reports like the balance sheet, income or profit and loss statements, and cash flow statement. It is one of the most basic components of business information; it helps to communicate to external parties (such as investors, creditors, suppliers and etc.) about financial position of the company. In the past investors based only on financial ratios provided by the company to estimate the companys financial position and its potential growth. However, as mentioned before financial ratio talks only about the past figures, but this may not be repeated in the future. Nowadays, the market is very competitive, the world is a market, you may be in your country market, and companies from other country can come into your market. Hence, to be profitable and competitive you must know more information, besides the financial ratio. Before investing, investors will likely watch the financial ratio and also non-financial statement of the company. They might want to know about information on the state of the economy, industry and competitive considerations, market forces, technological change, and the quality of management and the workforce are not directly reflected in a companys financial statements. One of popular non-financial reporting is SWOT analysis. It examines the strength and weakness, opportunity and thread of the company. SWOT analysis shows to investors the objective of the company or project and identifies the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieve that objective. Strengths: characteristics of the company or team that give it an advantage over others in the industry Weakness: characteristics of the company that put it in disadvantage in comparison to others Opportunities: external chances that allow the company to increase sales or profit Threats: external factors that can cause trouble to the company C:UsersHoangAnhDesktopswot_img2.gif Source: https://zeldor.biz/2011/01/swot-analysis/ Investors will look if the company is using its strengths to take advantage of market opportunities, and if they can identify and work on weakness that might slow down their ability to take advantage of those opportunities. Another important factor that investors are keen to watch closely is how the company is aware of its threads, how they use their strength to eliminate the potential threads or at least manage to minimise them. Additionally, investors also care about if the company can work to define the weakness that may increase the criticality of threats. C:UsersHoangAnhDesktopSWOT-Analysis.jpg Source: https://www.easy-marketing-strategies.com/swot-analysis.html Here is an example of SWOT Analysis, in this case we analysise Apple Company. The smart and experienced investors are likely to analyse the financial statements and also will use other non-financial statements, such as this SWOT analysis into consideration before making a decision about whether they should invest in Apple company or not. Conclusion In this assignment we have defined 3 parts of financial statements and its importance as a source of information for investors. Additionally, we have discussed two types of performance measures that investors pay much of attention to makes investment decisions: Traditional methods and Modern Approaches. In the last part we investigated why emphasizing only on earnings figures are problematic and discussed how financial reporting is changing to meet investors requirements, providing an example of non-financial reporting SWOT Analysis.

The Uncertainty of Truth The Importance of Fake and Fact - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1537 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Truth Essay Did you like this example? What is truth? The age old question that many have been asking over and over again, from the time of Aristotle, to today with Cornel West. For some, truth is found in religion. To others, truth is found in self. Some spend their lifetimes seeking genuine truth. Others do not give it a second thought. In Tim O’Brien’s, The Things They Carried, the truth is explored through a series of personal encounters, with fabrication and fact tightly intertwined. For O’Brien, truth has the traits of being experiential, perceptive, and contradictory. Personally in my own life, I find the topic of truth to be one that is extremely interesting. The truth subjective, but has the ability to hold a tremendous amount of weight. For many, it holds everything. Yet, one fact of truth can shake the entire entity of what one person can hold to be their one and only truth. Relating back to my example of religion, there are millions who base their whole life on the fact that they believe it all to be their own truth. But if one thing could break it, then in turn, their whole life is broken. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Uncertainty of Truth: The Importance of Fake and Fact" essay for you Create order The Things They Carried is a novel about a group of solders fighting in the Vietnam war and their experiences throughout it. I chose to write about this short story collection, wrote about Tim O’Brien because it is one of my favorite books, and when I was assigned to read it in high school, the heaviness of truth presented in the book flew over my head. Re-reading the novel and writing my final paper on this was a good choice. Also, my grandfatther fought in the Vietnam War, and although it is a work of fiction, I was able to relate it to him, and understand further about where he truly came from. By focusing on the truth, the novel reveals the importance of experience through telling stories. At first glance, the concepts of truth and storytelling may seem to be opposing, but that is not the case. Storytelling makes it possible for a listener to feel genuine compassion and empathy, making another person’s experience seem like his own. The feelings and emotions of a character become personal for the reader. O’Brien explains† the difference between â€Å"happening-truth† and â€Å"story-truth† (171). He explains that while happening-truth is situationally accurate, story-truth allows the reader to experience the same feelings which he had felt. He gives an example when he describes what he saw on the battle field: His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows were thin and arched like a womans, his nose was undamaged, there was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, his clean black hair was swept upward into a cowlick at the rear of the skull, his forehead was lightly freckled, his fingernails were clean, the skin at his left cheek was peeled back in three ragged strips, his right cheek was smooth and hairless, there was a butterfly on his chin, his neck was open to the spinal cord and the trail, a slim, dead, almost dainty young man. (124) Despite the graphic and specific description of the â€Å"dainty young man†, O’Brien later admits that he had never actually witnessed this scene. Still, although he might not have actually seen the individual faces of bodies lying in a field, by describing a â€Å"star-shaped† gouge in the dead soldier’s eye, he is able to incite the same feeling of terror that he had truly felt during his time in Vietnam, making the story-truth emotionally true as well. He paints an eerily realistic picture that allows the reader to believe the story is true in order to bring his story to life, enhancing the emotive experience. Therefore, despite understanding the fictional basis of O’Brien’s stories, people will continue reading The Things They Carried as if were is autobiographical, simply because of the overwhelming power behind story-truth. In this way, stories can possess a mystic power over the human mind. A good narrative can transport readers from where they are to a far-away land, a different time, or even an alternate reality. For example, â€Å"The Allegory of the Cave†, the philosopher Aristotle challenges his fellow thinker, Glaucon, to question what is true. He asks Glaucon to imagine a situation in which people are chained and forced to believe their entire realities consist of shadows dancing on a cave wall, cast from a fire and puppets behind them; the captives’ â€Å"happening-reality†. He then asks what would happen if a captive should dare to stray from the familiar images cast upon the wall; â€Å"And if he is compelled to look straight at the fire, will he not have pain in his eyes which will make him turn away and take refuge in the shadows which he can see?† (Plato). Aristotle implies that even when given a glimpse of reality, an individual will still return to what is co mfortable. This is also true for many who read The Things They Carried. Although O’Brien consistently reminds us that this novel is a work of fiction, we still retreat to the ease of believing that his story is truth. The power behind experience is revealed through both narratives. Like the captives chained within the cave walls who still choose to believe the images on the wall despite seeing the reality of fire, readers remain bound to believing O’Brien’s story-truth because the feelings he incites is not easily shaken. To them, their experience stands to be the truest. The slipperiness of truth is also revealed through perception. After the death of Ted Lavender, Lieutenant Cross is found curled deep within a foxhole he had dug while struggling to fight back tears. His troop listens on as he weeps throughout the night. When they see him, they see a boy who is hurting, a leader who cares so deeply for his men that he can hardly carry the heavy burden of loss. And while there is truth to the men’s perception of the situation, this is not the entirety of it. â€Å"In part, he was grieving for Ted Lavender, but mostly it was for Martha, and for himself, because she belonged to another world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (16). Unrequited love. She would never love him the way he loved her. Cross is certainly mourning, but that sorrow is not reserved for Lavender as the others had thought. Truth to Kiowa and Bowker was that Cross had lost a soldier. Truth to Cross was that he had lost his love back home. Truth in perception can also be seen beyond the scope of The Things They Carried. In October of 1967, tensions grew high throughout the nation as news was released of the usage of chemical warfare by American troops. There was a clear division in where people stood; either for or against the Vietnam War. On that day in October of ’67, students of the University of Wisconsin began boycotting the use of napalm. Shortly after the protests began, the Madison police arrived at the scene. In the matter of moments, the boycotts broke out into riots, as police forcefully pushed students out of the commerce building. Clouds of tear gas and screams of horror filled the air. The terrified students watched as an inescapable wave of batons, helmets, and uniforms quickly approached them. Administrators, professors, and peers watched as bleeding protestors stumbled out of the crowd, collapsing to the floor in agony (Two). Even in this situation, perception is the key to truth. To the students, the war was senseless. To many others, it was necessary. To the protestors, the police were brutal beasts of destruction. To the authorities, they were keepers of peace. Perception deeply affected the scope of how each party viewed the situation and was the deciding factor on what actions should be taken. Because truth is so heavily influenced by perception and experience, truth is also contradictory. In many instances, there are multiple truths to one experience. Despite the pain that childbirth brings, it also bears the miracle of life. In death there is loss, but also relief from the hurt of this world. O’Brien leaves another perfect example; â€Å"The truths are contradictory. It can be argued, for instance, that war is grotesque. But in truth war is also beauty. For all its horror, you can’t help but gape at the awful majesty of combat† (77). In this, O’Brien explains the conflicting angles of a single instance. Through the destruction of war there still stands a sense of beauty. Both statements stand true, but it is also a matter of who’s scope you view it through. â€Å"War is nasty; war is fun. War is thrilling; war is drudgery. War makes you a man; war makes you dead† (76). According to O’Brien, the truth is messy. Truth is fabrication and concrete simultaneously. Truth is personal and yet still universal. Truth is ubiquitous. Truth is important. Truth is not easily defined. Through the muddiness of it all, one thing is for sure; the truth is certainly uncertain.

The Painted Bird The Monster that Lives in Us All Essay

Jerzy Kosinski reveals the barbaric acts of civilians in times of war, showing how war changes our sheer humanity. Passed from village to village, he tells the tale of a small gypsy boy wandering without parents during World War II. The horrific tales of the people who took him in, paint a cruel picture of civilization. Was Jerzy Kosinski take on humanity realistic or erroneous? In the first couple weeks of World War II, a six-year-old boy from Eastern Europe was sent to a distant village by his parents. The foster mom that was found for him, died two months after his arrival. He was forced to move from house to house in the villages to survive. No one wanted to take him in because he looked like a gypsy. A man, passing through, was†¦show more content†¦While Olga tended to a fishermen, angry villagers threw him into the river. The boy was carried downstream to another village. Using survival skills Olga had taught him, the boy made his way through the wilderness, trying to seek shelter and find food. He was thrust into the millers home, who never had a name. The miller ignored him, going about his work. As did his wife. They hired a plowboy who apparently had been flirting with his wife. His wife, a pushover, was beat often over the alleged affair. One night, when the miller got drunk, invited the plowboy to dinner. The plowboy stared a little too long at his wife, and after a heated fight, the miller dug the plowboys eyes out with a spoon. The boy watched all of this, thinking it was all a dream. After cleaning up the mess, he went to bed and decided to leave the next morning. I wondered whether the loss of ones sight would deprive a person also of the memory of everything that he had seen before. If so, the man would no longer be able to see even in his dreams. If not, if only the eyeless could still see through their memory, it would not be too bad. The world seemed to be pretty much the same everywhere, and even though people differed from one another, just as animals and trees did, one should know fairly well what they looked like after seeing them for years. I had lived only seven years, but I remembered a lot of things. When I closed my eyes, many details came back still more vividly. WhoShow MoreRelatedThe Egyptian Mummy Mask895 Words   |  4 Pagescertain piece of magnificent art is extremely detailed with intricate designs covering it all around. The Museum of Fine Arts makes it easy to pay attention to, because of its detail and how the mask is displayed. The Mummy Mask has it’s own small alter with a spot light shining down on it creating dramatic shadows in a very dim room. The decorations include inlaid glass eyes, a gold leaf and is hand-painted and gilded glass. This mask is not paper machà © like the masks that were made in this era;Read MoreAdvancements for Women throughout History1125 Words   |  4 Pa gesfrom it. 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Happiness in The Beatitudes and the Nicomachean Ethics - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1778 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/07 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Happiness Essay Did you like this example? The Beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount and the Nicomachean Ethics both depict happiness. Happiness is the mental or emotional state of well-being and contentment. These works explain how to attain happiness. Aristotles view of happiness is comparable with happiness describe in the Bible because both versions are depicted as something that can be worked for. However, they are different because the Beatitudes provide a version of happiness that is open for everyone to experience. The Sermon on the Mount is a collection of Jesus teachings at the mountain top, recorded in the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament, in Chapters 5-7. Jesus discusses various topics to teach the people how to live pleasing to Him, free from hypocrisy, full of love and grace, and abundant in wisdom and discernment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Happiness in The Beatitudes and the Nicomachean Ethics" essay for you Create order In this sermon, Jesus declares the beatitudes before the people. Matthew then tells the people of Jesus parable of the salt and light. The meaning of the parable is Christians we are called to be an example and have an impact on the world. Jesus informs the people, He has come to fulfill the law, and they must follow the commandments. Just so, your light must shine before others, that they may see your good works (Matthew 5:16). The people were also taught to not be angry, because that is similar to killing, it is a negative emotion that can result in regrettable actions. He also encourages them to not commit adultery or look at another human being with lust. Furthermore, divorce is adultery and anyone who marries a divorced person commits adultery. He declares false oaths, retaliation and swearing by earth or heaven as sin. The last topic discussed in Matthew chapter 5 was love of enemies. Jesus wants His people to love one another whether they consider the person good or bad and wh ether or not they have a good relationship. These topics help to achieve happiness by giving guidelines to follow. Obedience to these rules will create a stronger relationship with God, and He in turn will pour out his reward of eternal life in Heaven. According to Jesus happiness comes from a relationship with him and obtaining His reward. In Matthew, Chapter 6 Jesus begins by discussing almsgiving. Almsgiving is doing something without looking for the recognition or praise from it. Next He teaches them that they ought to pray with sincerity and not with the goal of being seen. Jesus teaches them the prayer called The Lords Prayer. Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be your name, your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as is in heaven. Give us today our daily bread; and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; and do not subject us to the final test, but deliver us from the evil one. (Matthew 6:9-13) This prayer helps build relation with Christ, to ultimately enter into Heaven. After the prayer Jesus teaches about fasting. Christians should in terms of appearance not neglect themselves, so it appears to others they have fasted but instead have it be that only the Father knows they are fasting. Jesus also lets the people know they should not be invested in materialism but rather wait to receive treasures from above. Jesus also taught the people they should look upon things that are good to keep their soul holy. Furthermore, Christians should have a dependence on God and serve him only not the pleasures of this world according to Christ. In Chapter 6, Jesus expounds on principles that join Christians into communion with Him, which ultimately is true happiness. In Matthew Chapter 7, Jesus tells the people at the mountaintop that they need to stop judging others because as they judge one another God will judge them. Also, He inspired them to give what is holy unto the Lord, because he will answer all of their prayers and requests. Jesus give the golden rule: Do to others whatever you would have them do to you (Matthew 7:12). In other words, Christians must treat others the way they want to be treated and follow the path that leads to God. Jesus warns the people of false prophets and ends the sermon on the mount by telling the people what a true disciple looks like. Jesus does not want the people to listen to false prophets because they will misguide them on how to achieve true happiness. False prophets put the focus on themselves rather than pleasing God and creating a relationship with Him. As stated previously, in the sermon on the mount, Jesus tells the people the Beatitudes. The Beatitudes present virtues that lead to a reward of Heaven, provide a way of life that brings salvation, and bring peace in the midst of trials and tribulations on this earth. The beatitudes go against the general behaviors and thinking of humans, so when completed Jesus offers the reward of eternal life in Heaven. The beatitudes are: Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are they who mourn, for they shall be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called children of God. Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. (Matthew 5:3-10) The beatitudes call Those who completely rely and trust on God, will go to heaven. Comfort will be brought to those who mourn. The meek will receive spiritual blessings from God. Those who seek God will be filled by Him. People who act with mercy with receive mercy. Christians who are blameless will see God. Those who create peace God will call them his children. Those who are judged for following God will enter into heaven. Each beatitude beings with blessed which is a term meaning happy. Jesus is telling the people happy is anyone who follows the beatitudes. This happiness comes from God He created Christians to find total and complete joy within Him and following His will. Happiness comes from giving their lives over to Christ where he removes all emptiness, brokenness, and sins. Christians live a holy life by focusing on His will, which gives them the ability to love God completely and love their neighbor as God loves them. We get happiness through the reward of heaven. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward will be great in heaven (Matthew 5:12). In class we also read Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle. Aristotles goal of the book was to determine how best to achieve (eudamonia) happiness. All human activities aim at some end that we consider good with most activities being a means to a higher end. The highest human good, then, is that activity that is an end in itself. That good being happiness we aim at for its own sake, not because happiness helps us realize some other end. Living out the virtues gives us happiness. Virtue is a frame of mind rather than a task. Someone who is virtuous behaves correctly naturally and finds enjoyment in it. Aristotle discusses the various moral virtues and their corresponding vices. Courage is confidence in the face of fear. Liberality and magnificence consist of giving away varying amounts of money in appropriate and tasteful ways. Temperance includes not giving in too easily to the pleasures of physical sensation. Patience is the appropriate response to anger. Justice incudes distribution of wealth or honors among a group of people being given according to merit and exchanges between two or more people aiming at balance and equality. Human nature avoids treating oneself unjustly and suffering injustice willingly. Prudence is the intellectual virtue that helps us reason properly about ethical matters. Incontinence is a peculiar form of badness. Unlike vice, incontinence does not involve willing bad behavior. Rather, it consists of knowing what is good but lacking the self-control to do good. Incontinence is not as bad as vice, since it is partially involuntary. Aristotle then explains different forms of friendships. The three kinds of friendship are: friendship based on utility, friendship based on pleasure, and friendship based on goodness of character. The first two kinds of friendship are based on superficial qualities, so these friendships are not generally long lasting. Friendship based on goodness of character is the best kind of friendship, because these friends love one another for who they are and not for what they stand to gain from one another. Friendship generally exists between equals, though there are cases, like the father-son relationship, which rely on unequal exchanges. Ideally, our feelings for our friends should reflect our feelings for ourselves. Self-love is more important than friendship, since only people who treat themselves with appropriate care and respect can achieve proper virtue and happiness. Though a happy person is theoretically self-sufficient, friendship is an important and essential aspect of the good life. Pleasure accompanies and perfects our activities. A good person will feel pleasure in doing good things. The highest good of all is rational contemplation. A life that consists exclusively of contemplation is obviously impossible, but we should aim to approximate this ideal as closely as possible. The practical sciences, then, help us find the right path toward this highest good and help us deal with the practical matters of everyday life that inevitably occupy a great deal of our time and attention. Aristotle ends the Nicomachean Ethics discussing how to obtain eudaimonia. Eudaimonia is specifically an objective sense of conten tment. Through eudaimonia Aristotle realizes the best life for human beings is one grounded in rational activity. Aristotles view on happiness and the beatitudes depiction is comparable. In both we see a happiness built from following a certain set of rules. Jesus wants Christians to follow the beatitudes to receive happiness from Him, Aristotle believes happiness comes from practicing the virtues. Also, the happiness is self-dependent it is not automatically given but must be worked for. The Aristotle pointed out that genuine happiness is complete and sufficient unto itself. However, Aristotle does not believe happiness was possible for everyone. Jesus came to save us so that everyone could receive happiness. Jesus happiness is accessible for everyone while Aristotles natural happiness is the result of emotional stability brought about by the virtues. Conclusion It also throws light on various aspects of their lives, including the issues of anger, fasting, forgiveness, divorce, faith, prayer, justice, care for the needy, handling the religious law, lust, judging other people, and salvation, and mercy.

Free Public Health Care Or A Single Payer System - 827 Words

Free public health care or a single payer system as it’s referred to, is a health care system in which the state/government pays for any and all health care costs for its citizens. However in the south pacific region this system is becoming increasingly unsustainable, citizens are now being required to meet the full or partial costs of their treatment. This new system is referred to as the user pays system where the government is not responsible for meeting the costs of its citizen’s healthcare. This new system has been met with both positive and negative reactions. It is the responsibility of the government to provide free health care to all its citizens who benefit in a social and economical way. However a lot of people have taken to abusing these benefits in the very same sectors. This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of free public health care. There are many advantages of free public health care, most of it benefits in an economical way. Firstly, it is affordable by all. By having free public health care it can be said that health care would be readily available for people of all walks of life, regardless of their social or economic positions it will be offered to anyone. Since free health care uses single payer system, any and all health care costs for treatments or medical visits would be taken care of by a single entity (usually this is done by the government) citizens would not have to worry about getting treatments done which would have beenShow MoreRelatedThe Single Payer Reimbursement System1608 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a Single Payer Reimbursement System? 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Perhaps taking a looking at what has worked for other counties and their currentRead MoreHealthcare in America1458 Words   |  6 PagesComposition: Writing and Research Colorado Technical University December 24, 2012 Improving the access and affordability of health insurance coverage for all Americans should be a primary concern for those who help create the laws of the land. At this date, there are roughly 44 million Americans without any type of healthcare coverage. Another 38 million people have inadequate health insurance (PBS, 2012). What this all means is that the people who need it the most are putting off seeing a doctor untilRead MoreHealth Care Research Paper1146 Words   |  5 PagesThe health care system in the United States needs to be more reliable and easily accessible to those that need it. Increased coverage, affordable care for those with life-long disabilities and illness, and protections for those with pre-existing conditions is especially important. While the affordable care act grants protection to those with pre-existing conditions it is currently in jeopardy. The solution to this is exposure of this to the public. If the American people knew what this means andRead MoreTh e Presidential Elections Upon The Horizon1203 Words   |  5 Pagesaffordable housing, child care, progressive taxation, environmental protection, women’s rights, youth programs, and the arts. Now, Bernie Sanders would like to do the same for all of America. American’s should vote for Bernie Sanders to be president because he supports free health care, free college tuition, and getting our middle class Americans out of poverty. First reason being, in 2008, mental health agencies and advocates had succeeded in getting the Mental Health Parity Act signed. It requiredRead MoreSingle Payer Health Care Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesIs The U.S. Ready for Single Payer Health Care? The beginning of the article started off very strong with the Republican views on how replacing theAffordable Care Act/ Obamacare seems to be beneficial because Americans believe that the government needs to provide healthcare for all which is â€Å"Medicare for all.† Throughout government; the left and right sides do not see eye to eye but in this discussion, they both seem to acknowledge the likelihood of this new system. Republican Senator Jerry MoranRead MoreThe Universal Health Care System1712 Words   |  7 PagesEvery country vision is to have a universal health care system. A system that is not necessary â€Å"free† but a system where everyone has equal opportunity to get the best health care being offered without any partiality. Canada successfully implemented the universal health care to its citizens, but it is not perfect in any sense. Individuals’ citizens are provided with preventive care and medical treatment from primary care physicians as well as access to hospitals. There are still many services thatRead MoreThe National Health Service System1282 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Health Service (NHS), established in 1948, is Great Britain s universal health care system. Unlike that of the USA, the NHS is a single payer system, covering ~100% of if its citizens and â€Å"ordinarily† residents. While supported by a number of other agencies and public bodies, the NHS is overseen by the Department of Health, which is responsible for funding of health and social services and creating policies and legislation. The NHS covers preventative services; inpatient and outpatientRead MoreSingle Payer Health Care Act903 Words   |  4 PagesSingle-payer health care system services is a framework in which the state, instead of private organizations, are responsible for all insurance bills. This system of health contract for medicinal services administrating from private associations and to public responsibility enhanced by state governments. In this way subsidizing health billings and alluding to social insurance financed by a single individual from a solitary reserve which can’t indicate the sort of deliverance, or for whom doctorsRead MoreSocialized Medicine and the Current Healthcare Debate934 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific system of providing healthcare and virtually no American politician has dared to propose what would constitute a truly socialized system of medicine. Additionally, many nations exist which provide universal coverage for all citizens without deploying a single-payer sys tem. It is important to understand truly what socialized medicine is and what it is not, as well as its benefits and detriments, when debating healthcare policy in America. If the US were to adopt the single-payer system

Should Sociology Be Scientific Free Essays

In sociology there are two main contrasting views to how the subject of sociology should be approached and studied, as a science or not. In this essay I will be explaining the arguments of each side of the discussion fully, and aim to show the positive and negative points of either approach to studying sociology. The first argument I will analyse is Positivism. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Sociology Be Scientific? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Positivists support the view that sociology should be studied as a science, arguing that society and the activities of the individuals in society as a whole hold main similarities and attributes to the physical or natural world. Positivists believe that social factors are largely involved in determining human behaviour, an example being that positivists think that people wish to seek partners in order to allow them to marry and produce children, letting them fulfil societies expectations of them. Positivists use scientific methodology, which means that their procedures resemble methods of collecting data that are usually seen in practice in natural sciences. Examples of some of these methods are questionnaires, structured interviews or statistics. Using scientific procedures in the Positivists view means that more accurate results will be collected, they hold the view that it is possible to see society in an objective way. An example of this is Durkheim, who believed the social facts of society could be considered in the same way as objects and events of the natural world. He thought that social facts did not only consist of things that could be observed objectively or in a direct manner, but also belief systems which exist in the consciousness of individuals. To look at these belief systems in a scientific manner Durkheim thought that they couldn’t be changed at will, but were controlled by society making them available to scientific approaches. Correlation is another part of scientific methodology, where by looking at different social facts correlations are found between them, where there is evidence of a relationship between two or more different factors. Durkheim found that in his study of suicide there was a relationship between suicide and religions, (e. g. Protestantism and a high suicide rate). After correlations are found between social facts the researcher may believe that one social fact causes another to make a hypothesis, such as crime causes a person to become working class, or being working class causes a person to commit crime. One problem with this part of the positivist scientific methodology is that some correlations found by researchers may just be by chance or indirect. This can happen where two social facts are found together but in actual fact don’t have any direct connections to each other. It can happen that a third social fact has a relationship with both the other social facts, which can cause them to be linked. An example of this is gender being the cause of both level of criminality and location in the class hierarchy, which illustrates that class and crime aren’t actually linked, but are both related to gender. In positivists research they also believe that if findings are verified and found in many different contexts such as in different societies around the world and during different time periods the research can be see as being a law of human behaviour, which is the main aim of the positivist perspective. This is where a statement is found to be true in all circumstances, a comparison being scientific laws such as gravity being established, positivists hold the view that these laws can be found in human behaviour. Durkheim thought he had found a law of human behaviour when his research into suicide had the conclusion that suicide rates always increased when in society there was a drastic change in the economy. Using scientific methodology such as questionnaires does have the positive of being reliable, as the data could be collected repeatedly and it is likely to achieve the same conclusions over and over again, but also has the weakness that people can lie and be biased in the questionnaires towards themselves. Another problem is that questionnaires restrict the answers of the individual being asked the questions, which also can happen in structured interviews where the individual cant put across what they want to say because of the structured questions and style of the interview. Also questionnaires and scientific methodology doesn’t take into account the individual differences that could be involved in the issue that is being researched. An example of this is suicide. Research into the matter of suicide has been criticised when it has been done using scientific matters as Douglas made the criticism of Durkheim’s research that not all suicides can be treated as the same type of act as they could have different or contrasting meanings behind them, e. g. lderly Eskimo’s will kill themselves for the sake of their society, where as a someone in a western society may kill themselves because they are depressed. Also, in Durkheim’s research into suicide, J. D Douglas criticized him saying that the statistics used weren’t valid, as the decision to if the sudden death was a suicide is made by the coroner, who in turn is influenced by the family and friends of the victim. This creates the possibility of there being systematic bias in the decision, having the consequence of not very reliable statistics to base his conclusions on. Another weakness of scientific methodology is it can result in generalisations in the conclusions, where the researcher will split the data collected into different categories, as Durkheim carried out in his study into suicide, which can be too reductionist, missing out important factors in the issue being researched such as the background of the suicides etc. Another method used in sociological research is observation, which positivists believe that the social world can be objectively observed and classified. Observation is not only used by positivists, but is also used by many anti-positivist sociologists who have observed situations in connection with subjects like education and suicide, where Atkinson observed the processes involved in the decisions made by coroners in the coroners courts. One problem with using observation is that it is restrictive in the type of situations it can be used in, such as in the study of the subject of politics, sociologists are prohibited from observing the British Cabinet. Also because the results are based on how the situation was observed through the researcher, it is possible for there to be interference from the researcher in the data collected. Another group that support the idea of sociology being a science is realists, who see much of sociology being scientific. An example of this is the realist’s sociologist Keat, who saw Marxist sociology as scientific as the models developed by Marx was evaluating processes and institutions in society based on empirical data. Realists suggest that both natural and sociological sciences have the same aim in the research carried out which is to develop theories and create perspectives to explain the world based on collected evidence. Auguste Comte was a founder of sociology, and through founding the subject attempted to show it as a science using a scientific manner in his research, studying social phenomena. He talked about discovering the laws social phenomena being the main aim behind the subject of sociology, and scientific methods being the best way of accomplishing this. He also thought that society as a whole was greater than the individuals within it, which in other words meant that society was more complex than the number of people in it, that it involved many other variables. One procedure that Comte supported was the HD procedure, which was where you started with a theory, created a hypothesis based on that theory, slected a research method that could be verified and analysise the data collected through this method to see if the hypothesis was correct. One problem with this procedure is that although it does have reliable data that is collected, and a straight forward procedure involved, a negative aspect of creating a hypothesis to work with before carrying out the research is that it brings in the possibility that the researcher will pick a research method which will be biased to the hypothesis by be the method most likely to prove it. An example of where this happened was the research into aids attempting to prove it as a ‘gay plague’. Another example of a positivist theory was made by Karl Popper, who created the theory of falsification. Popper believed that the best way to see if a theory or conclusion was true was to let it stand the test of time. In this he meant that the longer a theory was supported and unreputed by other sociologists, the more true it was. Popper was critical towards Marx, saying that he was unscientific because he didn’t use empirical data and that Marx’s theory couldn’t be proved wrong or right as Marx left his theory open to when the revolution would actually happen, meaning that if a revolution didn’t happen in that time period, Marx would still be able to argue that it was going to happen ‘some day in the future’. The other side of the argument of should sociology be scientific is held by anti positivists, such as Max Weber. Weber claims that to come to true conclusions the motives of a situation or a persons actions must first be understood. An example of this is if a person is fishing, are they doing it because its their hobby, or maybe because they are hungry. One process supported by Weber was verstehen, which is where the sociologist imagines himself or herself as the person or in the position of the person whose being studied. Weber thought that the motives behind an action are just as important as the actions themselves for coming to the truth behind a subject. There third perspective involved in the debate is Post Modernism, which believe in the grand narrative, or that there is no such thing as just having one dominant theory. Post Modernists believe the best results and theories are academic pick and mix’s, where conclusions are drawn from many different perspectives and theories to get an all round finding that includes all the different points of view involved. Post Modernists also think that there is no such thing as one objective truth, and that no one method or way of looking at sociology can arrive at true conclusions as in reality, society is always changing as is the norms and values within society. One post modernist who believes that there is no one technique that can find the truth (a belief held by epistemology) is Lyotard, who sees all epistemology as being based on more the researchers opinions instead of being based on objective knowledge. This is known as being a metanarrative. How to cite Should Sociology Be Scientific?, Papers

Frederic Chopin free essay sample

If you think youve heard good piano music, youve heard nothing until you a listen to Frederic Chopin. Chopins skillful technique, creative imagination, and variety of styles will keep you listening for hours. The feeling he puts into his music will have you hopping one minute, and meditating the next. Piano music isnt the only thing he excelled in. He also wrote music for symphonies to accompany the piano. These concertos are very powerful and brilliant and will show you what a composer Chopin was. So many different Chopin music albums and collections exist that I really cant tell you what you should start with, but one that seems to be popular in many music stores is called Chopins Waltzes. This album is comprised of 24 beautifully-composed, short waltzes that Chopin wrote. I recommend this because the pieces are easy to listen to and are not full of complex chords that may boggle the brain. We will write a custom essay sample on Frederic Chopin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, the simple melodies will catch on quickly and you will find yourself humming along with the music. So, go and get yourself a Chopin CD. I guarantee you will see his incredible talent and learn to appreciate and enjoy his remarkable music

Matthew’s Use of the Old Testament Scripture Essay Example

Matthew’s Use of the Old Testament Scripture Essay Matthew wrote his gospel with two purposes in mind: first, he wanted to prove that Jesus was the promised coming King-Messiah of the Old Testament, and second, he wanted to explain to his readers the kingdom program of God. The issues involved in the person of the Messiah are many during Matthew’s time. He had to deal with those concerns immediately in order for him to be able to prove his point beyond reasonable doubt (Constable 55).For one thing, the long-awaited Messiah had to be without question from the lineage of Abraham, and that, Matthew was able to establish in the very first chapter of his gospel. He not only had verified that Jesus came as a descendant of Abraham and therefore a bonafide Jew, but substantiated as well in the first chapter of his gospel, that Jesus also had descended from the ancestry of King David to show that Jesus was the Son of David, the coming King who would rule like David to restore Israel’s Golden Years under the reign of Davidâ€℠¢s descendant who is the Messiah (Escalona 2). Jesus, according to Matthew, has fulfilled through the testimony of His background and life the requirements that would support the conclusion that He was indeed the promised Messiah and King (Walvoord 12).These points were very important to emphasize, so Matthew started right away with these very aims in mind. With these understanding, the modern-day readers will be better off intellectually, as they approach the book of Matthew. The problems posed by Matthew chapter 1 would immediately be eliminated such as the question of â€Å"Why the drudgery of mentioning names (mostly unknown) all the way back to Abraham?† It may bear no relevance for people today, but for those people to whom Matthew was directing his message, the identity of Jesus – as far as his pedigree was concerned – was of utmost importance (Family Bible Notes 1). The Messiah had to be first of all a descendant of Abraham and of David. And the only thi ng that could possibly remove this doubt from the minds of his readers was an established proof of Jesus’ Abrahamic and Davidic lineages – which of course Matthew had established very well (Geneva Bible Notes 1).DiscussionThis paper deals with responding to the inquirer’s mind concerning Matthew’s use of the Old Testament. Its position is to establish first the Messiahship of Jesus as seen in the eyes of the apostle Matthew and then lengthily discuss the kingdom agendum or program of God.I. Jesus: The King-MessiahAnother way that Matthew has employed was his heavy use of the Old Testament scriptures – particularly, prophecies. In chapter two, specific fulfilments of prophetic pronouncements were fulfilled as to certain places and events. Jesus was born in Bethlehem, which according to the writer was a specific fulfilment of prophetic scripture (Barnes 2).   When Herod asked the chief priests and scribes where the Christ/Messiah would be born,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"they said to him, ‘In Bethlehem of Judea, for thus it is written by the prophet: But   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah, are not the least among the rulers of Judah; for   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   out of you shall come a Ruler Who will shepherd My people Israel’.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Applications like these of certain Old Testament scriptures are notable in all of the four gospels. They relied a great deal on prophecies, and therefore their frequent references to them further concretized the fact of Jesus’ identity. In all four gospels, different aspects of the Christ’s Person were explored and thus, by the time the inquirer has finished reading all of the gospels, there have to be no more questions left. In fact, even one of the gospels is enough to convince anybody of the Messiah’s identity (John 20:31) ( Teacher’s Commentary 2).Matthew’s gospel is sufficient to present to its audience Jesus as their long-expected Savior. All of the circumstances surrounding His birth and childhood were clear realizations of Hebraic predictions. In Matthew chapters 3 – 4, Jesus’ royalty is presented. John the baptizer is here also introduced and for the said purpose – to introduce to Israel her King. During those times, it was customary for VIP’s or very important persons to have emissaries who would go before them to make preparations for their arrivals. Emissaries or forerunners would go and announce to designated destinations the royalty’s impending visit. Included to their task is to make sure that the place was in good condition to host the king. When there needs to be some repairs on infrastructure, sometimes those forerunners would go to such extent as do the work of â€Å"smoothing the highway† through which the king would take to reach his destination (Constable 56).John the baptizer prepared Jesus’ way and also proclaimed Him as a very important figure in that He was the most awaited person of the times – the coming King. When John announced that the kingdom of God was â€Å"at hand,† what he meant was that all or everything that were needed for the kingdom to be established among them (Israel) was to accept their King in Jesus. They rejected Him though. It was necessary for the predicted Messiah to be crucified for many Old Testament prophecies to be fulfilled (Psalms 22, Isaiah 53, Daniel 9, Zechariah 13). In Matthew 3:3, the writer identified God with Jesus as he quoted Isaiah 40:3. This clearly means that Jesus’ kingdom is also the kingdom of God. The two are not different but the same. This quote from Isaiah proves that Jesus is not a mere representative of God but more than a representative. Matthew’s point was Jesus is LORD. He makes his point very vivid by quoting from m any passages over and over from the Old Testament (Constable 55).Again, in Matthew 3:16-17, the narrative pointed to the fact that at that juncture of Jesus’ life (and it was before He started His ministry), the Holy Spirit anointed Him. This event denotes that Jesus as a man would be reliant to the power of the Spirit as also the Scripture has attested in Isaiah 42:1. Of course, at the very start of His life, He was already filled with the Spirit. He was even conceived through the Holy Spirit (Matthew 1:20). The descent of the Holy Spirit at His baptism stresses the fact that Jesus would be accomplishing His messianic ministry totally dependent on the Spirit’s power. It specifies a point for understanding that Jesus’ authority through which He discharges His ministry was through the Spirit. Hence, empowered by the Spirit, Jesus acted as the instrument of God and spoke as God’s mouthpiece. The term â€Å"Son of God† was very familiar in the prophet ic writings. It was used frequently to identify David’s descendant who would come after him to occupy his throne to become Israel’s king (2 Samuel 7:13-14, Psalms 2:7, 89:26-29). God’s approval and commendation of Jesus were both linked to the aspect of the Messiah’s work of saving His people from their sins as the Suffering Servant (Isaiah 42 53). â€Å"Son of God† is a messianic title (Clarke 1).II. God’s Kingdom ProgramThe first nine chapters of Matthew seemed to have shown not only the background of Jesus’ identity but also the pathetic condition of humanity as represented by those multitudes that followed Him. Thus, at this point, Matthew proceeded to lay out the program of the Kingdom of God. First, there is the need for workers in the field (Matthew 9:37-38). Jesus is shown here as one moved with compassion for the multitudes. It recalls for the readers the fact of God’s compassionate heart for His people. In the book o f Ezekiel 34, God is described as the true Shepherd of His people, whose compassion would not allow for His people to be taken advantaged of. The word â€Å"weary† is translated â€Å"distressed† (NASB) and â€Å"harassed† (NIV) in other translations of the Bible. These descriptions vividly depict the people of God – the Jews – as being intimidated and oppressed by their leaders. The people needed deliverance and there was no one able to deliver them. They’re as sheep without a shepherd (Constable 56).The Old Testament is replete with a description of God and the coming Messiah as the shepherds of His people. At this point in time (Matthew 9), Matthew presented the agenda or program of God for His kingdom. Jesus needed workers to continue on with the work which He has started (Barnes, 2001). There needs to be workers who would serve as workers for God’s harvest. But, first of all, the workers for the harvest must be sent by God. There fore Jesus commands prayer. â€Å"Pray the Lord of the harvest to send out laborers into His harvest.† This is similar to what Apostle Paul has stated in his epistle to the Romans, â€Å"And how shall they preach unless they are sent? As it is written: ‘How beautiful are the feet of those who preach the gospel of peace, who bring glad tidings of good things!’† (Romans 10:15). Only at this juncture that the twelve disciples of Jesus are called apostles (Matthew 10:1). He chose the twelve probably to represent the twelve tribes of Israel. The people who have spiritual sensitivity at that time must have detected that at Jesus’ appointment of the twelve He was launching them to execute His messianic programme (Barnes, 2001). The apostles were the first â€Å"sent out† ones. Although the title was exclusively theirs, they’re told by their Master to still pray for workers. During the time of the original apostles, God was continually hearing their prayers to send â€Å"workers† for the harvest. There was Barnabas (Acts 14:4), and Paul himself was designated as apostle and received his commission from Jesus directly. The primary agenda of the kingdom was to reach everyone in Israel with the message of the kingdom. Although the message had to be first proclaimed in Israel, it was to be later on extended to â€Å"all the nations† (Constable 56).Since the work had to be taken by them to all the â€Å"lost sheep of Israel,† and eventually to the â€Å"nations,† the Master foresaw its accompanying need in the part of the messengers. â€Å"And as you go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand. Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers, raise the dead, and cast out demons. Freely you have received, freely give. Provide neither gold nor silver nor copper in your money belts, nor bag for your journey, nor two tunics, nor sandals, nor staffs; for a worker is worthy of his food† (Matthew 10:7-1 0). The nature of the work is extensive; they had to â€Å"teach† their converts â€Å"to observe all things† that Christ had taught them. The kind of work that God calls His servants to is definitely a kind of work which proves as well what kind of â€Å"Lord† He is: that He is an excellent Master, able to see (â€Å"the God Who sees†) the needs of His servants or followers before they even feel the need. This means that when an individual becomes a partaker of Himself He also has become a partaker of all His benefits (Teacher’s Commentary 2).Men who become Jesus’ followers must be taught to know concerning things that are God’s or what are called divine things. Not only will they benefit best when they know what the things that are God’s, they also become instructors fit to impart the goodness and the mind of God. In addition, they are promised that what are needed will be sufficiently met and thus their own experiences of Go d’s faithful attention the promises He made to His followers, both spiritual and material needs. The servants of God then, are enjoined to be faithful as well to be able to deliver His message in adherence to the rightful message as Jesus taught and delivered as well to the apostles, the first Christians and the succeeding generations of faithful believers of the gospel (Clarke 1).Doubters and unbelievers look with disdain, cynicism and scorn when the discussion revolves around these words of Jesus and the gospel. When the faithful talk about the promises that the Old Testament Scripture holds out for the people and these Jesus reinforced as well in the New Testament, they see only myth, and delusions on the part of the believers (Robertson’s NT Word Pictures, 2001). That is because they don’t have the eyes of faith, nor were instructed of the thousands of year’s proof of the veracity of the Bible, and have not experienced the truth and reality of these S criptures in their lives. The effectivity of Matthew’s work is found in the millions of followers who had tested Jesus’ Messiahship not only in their spiritual faith but in the totality of their finite experience (Clarke 2).In conclusion, Matthew not only and merely was acting as an evangelist-historian, but as biographer par excellence, whose work was without a blend of his own opinion or views, which has undoubtedly established its internal credibility in the gospel itself. Other apostles like Paul, did not have to add anything to what Matthew said or wrote, but enlarged on what this gospel writer witnessed and chronicled in his experiences with Christ.